Overview of Myelopathy Surgery

Myelopathy refers to a neurological condition caused by the compression of the spinal cord, leading to dysfunction. It can occur in different regions of the spine, including the cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), or lumbar (lower back) areas. This compression often results from degenerative changes in the spine, such as herniated discs, bone spurs, or spinal stenosis. Myelopathy can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, numbness, weakness, and impaired coordination, significantly affecting a person’s quality of life. Surgical intervention is often required to alleviate pressure on the spinal cord and prevent further neurological damage.


Types of Myelopathy

Myelopathy can be classified based on the location of spinal cord compression:

  • Cervical Myelopathy: Affects the neck region and is the most common type.
  • Thoracic Myelopathy: Occurs in the mid-back, less common but can be more severe.
  • Lumbar Myelopathy: Rare, as the spinal cord ends in the upper lumbar spine, but can still cause significant symptoms.

Symptoms of Myelopathy

The symptoms of myelopathy can vary depending on the affected area of the spine but generally include:

  • For Men: Difficulty with fine motor skills, imbalance, muscle weakness, and changes in bowel or bladder function.
  • For Women: Similar symptoms as men, often with additional pain or tingling in the limbs. Women may also experience difficulties with coordination and gait. Both genders may notice a gradual worsening of symptoms over time, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial.

Causes of Myelopathy

Myelopathy is caused by various conditions that lead to spinal cord compression, including:

  • Degenerative Disc Disease: Wear and tear on the spinal discs.
  • Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal.
  • Herniated Discs: Discs that protrude and press on the spinal cord.
  • Trauma: Injuries that damage the spine and lead to compression.
  • Osteoarthritis: Bone spurs from arthritis can impinge on the spinal cord.
  • Tumors or Infections: Rare causes that can also compress the spinal cord.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to consult a doctor if you experience persistent neck or back pain, particularly if it is accompanied by numbness, tingling, weakness, or difficulty with coordination. Early intervention can prevent further deterioration and improve outcomes. If conservative treatments like physical therapy or medications are ineffective, a spine specialist’s evaluation is necessary to determine the need for surgery.

Risk Factors for Myelopathy

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing myelopathy, including:

  • Age: Degenerative changes in the spine are more common with aging.
  • Previous Spinal Injuries: Injuries can lead to long-term spinal cord issues.
  • Genetics: Family history of spinal conditions can increase risk.
  • Occupational Hazards: Jobs involving heavy lifting or repetitive strain on the spine.

Complications & Preventions

Without treatment, myelopathy can lead to severe complications, including permanent nerve damage, paralysis, and loss of bladder or bowel control. Preventative measures include maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise to strengthen the spine, and avoiding activities that strain the spine. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to preventing these complications and preserving neurological function.

Diagnosis & Tests

Diagnosing myelopathy involves a comprehensive neurological examination, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, and sometimes electromyography (EMG) to assess nerve function. These tests help identify the extent and location of spinal cord compression, guiding the treatment plan.

Treatments

Myelopathy surgery is often required to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Surgical options include decompressive laminectomy, spinal fusion, and discectomy, depending on the cause and severity of the compression. The goal of surgery is to stabilize the spine and prevent further neurological decline.

Do's and Don'ts Post-Surgery

After myelopathy surgery, adhering to certain guidelines is crucial for recovery:

  • Do: Follow your surgeon's advice, engage in prescribed physical therapy, maintain a healthy posture, and avoid lifting heavy objects.
  • Don't: Ignore any new or worsening symptoms, engage in high-impact activities, or rush your recovery process. Gradual return to normal activities is essential for optimal healing.

Care at Dr. Ram’s Advanced Spine Clinic

At Dr. Ram’s Advanced Spine Clinic, myelopathy surgery is performed exclusively by Dr. Venkata Ramakrishna T, an expert in spinal surgery. The clinic is equipped with the latest technology and a dedicated approach to patient care, ensuring the highest standards in surgical treatment and recovery. Dr. Ramakrishna’s expertise ensures that patients receive personalized and effective treatment for their spinal conditions